Inventory control practices in a DC are vital to the accuracy of the overall inventory. This accuracy is monitored closely by both internal and external auditors, as the accuracy is paramount to properly valuating the inventory contained in your supply chain network.
Some organizations continue to perform annual or semi-annual full inventories and most of these are done with paper processes. These inventories, however, have a tendency to be very inaccurate due to the numerous error points associated with counting, recounting, and data entry.
Best-in-class operations eliminate these full inventories by deploying efficient cycle-counting processes that tend to be highly accurate and preferred by auditors. Performing these system-directed cycle counts is usually done through the use of mobile computers or voice. Pairing these with mobile printers for the creation of new or replacement labels is a common practice and keeps the counter in the count area free for productive work. Fork operators utilizing vehicle-mounted computers (VMCs) can also perform cycle counts as part of their job function if directed by the system.
It is also becoming common practice in these best-in-class operations to interleave the cycle-counting process with other work processes such as picking and fork applications. Interleaving is the process of performing multiple work processes at once to drive better utilization of labor and equipment. An example of this would be fork drivers performing replenishments on their way back to the dock to perform another put-away. It is usually done by proximity and priority.
Supply chain leaders who are responsible for DCs continually seek to balance best practices with identifying the most impactful KPIs/metrics to drive productivity, cost optimization, and service excellence.
The real value of metrics comes from analyzing the metrics output and driving a continuous improvement mindset throughout each workflow in the DC/warehouse.
We can point to almost any DC KPI and learn the best-in-class metrics that provide us a benchmark to measure against. The path to best in class is a process of improvement in which you can identify workflow pain points and develop a path that incorporates a combination of investment in technology and continuous improvement.
As a tool to help review and identify opportunities for improvement, DC Walkthroughs are conducted for each workflow, which should be done every two to three years. This is a review/audit based on best practices that can yield clear and measurable actions to use and consider when planning for workflow improvement and investment.
According to the WERC study “DC Measures 2018 Trends and Challenges1,” the following are a few of the KPIs that DCs use in part to measure the Inventory Control workflow:
A DC Walkthrough is an engaging assessment that includes discussions, observations, and interviews among workers, supervisors, and management personnel with the objective to document current business and operational processes and look at ways technology and process changes can be applied to make improvements. The DC Walkthrough can be an informal or formal review/audit conducted by the company or external third parties.
The goal of our assessment is to validate logistical/operational processes relative to industry best practices focused on time savings, increased worker productivity, and improved accuracy. We focus on the identification of opportunities to both improve stand-alone general processes, as well as improve processes with new technology.
When we review the Inventory Control workflow, we ask questions like:
Conducting a DC Walkthrough is done with “fresh eyes.” Fresh eyes is defined as looking at the workflow with the intent of learning and understanding the current state of operations without bias or preconceived conclusions, and then applying industry knowledge and best practices to recommend ways to improve upon the current performance.
The following is an example of a DC Walkthrough for a medium-sized DC in North America for the Inventory Control workflow, which includes observations with associated recommendations.
DC Walkthrough Observations
Inventory control practices in a DC are vital to the accuracy of the overall inventory. This accuracy is monitored closely by both internal and external auditors as the accuracy is paramount to properly valuating the inventory contained in your supply chain network.
We recommend using a RF cycle-count process as it should be supported by the WMS. Use any WMS functionality that supports interleaving the process with fork moves or picking where possible. By interleaving the processes, you can count exceptions as they occur and count slots that drop below a certain level once retrieval from a location is made (i.e., less than 3 or 5). By only counting those slots with little inventory you are not negatively impacting the operator’s productivity and you are making the process more proactive vs. reactive. The WMS should also support live cycle counting without the need to shut down an aisle while counting.
If using voice for picking, Honeywell Voice provides an interleaved picking and cycle-count process that provides greater productivity and accuracy in this workflow.
It's also recommend utilizing any ABCD functionality in the WMS, which focuses on your fastest movers being counted more often and by default maintains a more accurate overall inventory. Most WMS systems also support Value-Based cycle counting of higher-priced items.
We recommend working with the auditors to prove the cycle-count process accuracies and eliminate the physical inventories. Not only are they costly to perform and costly to the business (the need to halt operations results in being behind in fulfillment), but they can introduce inaccuracy with poor counts.
We noticed that location utilization is high but cube utilization is not ideal in some areas. We know there is a current effort to address this with TI x HI audits and adding additional levels of racking to some areas to create smaller height locations for those items. This a great initiative and should be carried forward aggressively.
Some items in the DC have not moved in years and should be eliminated as judiciously as possible. Industry averages show that carrying costs for inventory can be as high as 3%, so if this product has not moved in years the cost of carrying it this long has already eroded the revenue it would create now.
Recommended hardware and software for these processes includes:
All recommendations are Android™ capable.
Technology Improvements in the Inventory Control Workflow
According to the 2018 WERC study1, technology within the supply chain is becoming increasingly important. Many companies are beginning to focus on digital transformation by focusing more on mobile technologies, cloud-based services, and big data practices.
The study also points out that a majority of distribution centers use no other technology beyond a warehouse management system (WMS) and mobile devices with RF/barcode scanners. In terms of adoption plans, over 90% of warehouse managers expect to be using mobile technologies within five years (which is just over 50% today). Eighty-six percent expect to be using big data and real-time analytics within five years, which is a 60% increase over the percentage of people using the technology today.
Honeywell brings a wide set of solutions together that can influence positive outcomes in the Inventory Control workflow throughout the DC. They include the following:
Our expert assessment teams will partner with you to understand your unique business requirements and identify where opportunities exist to optimize your workflows and increase efficiencies within today’s competitive business climate.
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